Monday, 19 August 2013

THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE REALLY BAD

Contemporary design magazine, ARTBOX, showcases some of the best in innovative art thinking, quoted by themselves: urban design, graphics, architecture, interior design, fine art, illustration, product design and concept. In the May 2012 issue, artist Luke Pink or ‘Pinky’ describes his work as Neo-psychedelia, graffiti, fine art and illustration. He is his own zeitgeist: ‘cheerfully abstract and discernibly fresh’ say the V&A Museum for a recent print collection he gave them. There is no reason a designer of sport apparel such as he would not be commissioned by a nationally treasured museum if the work is enlightening.
In the same issue, fine artist Folkert De Jong explains bluntly how he gets his audience to grasp intended meaning[1], and fine artist Jessica Wohl’s work is shown: an installed staircase draped in human hair[2].
Self-destruction is the new self-preservation; though this probably applies more so to the fine art world: the idea is what justifies the way it was done rather than the other way around. It is an anti-commercial belief that the simplest ideas in advertising are the most superficial and greed-investing, but in this climate, self-selling is a key skill next to the three Rs; and the simpler the idea, the more room for expansion.

Grayson Perry: Rosetta Vase, 2011





In the BBC documentary: ‘The Genius of British Art- Modern Times’ with Janet Street Porter, artists were commended for their loyalties to what they believed to be ‘good’. Gilbert and George withstood the media by believing, not following[3]. Success is more difficult to classify now than ever before; unless of course you judge purely by financial worth. Damien Hirst conquered by leading not following[4]. Charles Saatchi too, in the 80s by starting an advertising agency and art collection, earning more than any of his featured artists. Saatchi and Hirst, the publicist and self-publicist made art which was media-ready, sexy and glamorous.
The Young British Artists definitely had an impact on the way modern art was to be accepted. Confusedly, Grayson Perry as a turner prize winner himself confesses his dire straits[5]: taboos of the middle classes and violations of trust can be discussed in the context of art but not otherwise; it is revolutionary but we can go too far. The dismissal of values such as academia and religion over the centuries has caused a sort of fearless inbred family of art to grow. Perry’s work is what we may now call ‘good’ because it is both romantically charged and disgusting with underlying social and historical observations that can be taken or left. It stands alone. Also exemplary, are the clay and tapestry bases he works so many of his illustrations and ideas into- demolishing the craft-is-not-high art stereotype: A true iconoclast who really understands the way art shift-shapes, and fights for the original meanings of words against the media’s versions i.e. television’s ‘journeys’.
In January of 2012 Channel 4 broadcast three episodes of the series ‘What Makes a Masterpiece’, where journalist Matthew Cain went on a journey of all of the above. It was concluded that without democracy, the next iconographic British masterpiece could probably come from a lab; but luckily we are too argumentative to settle for that.        

The findings did show a formula, however. We like optical experiences which remind us of similar ones we’ve had before, seeing movement and rhythm and tricking ourselves into seeing something through central and peripheral vision i.e. Mona Lisa’s smile. We like the hit of recognising or understanding an image and of course formal values which positively stimulate the brain i.e. depth of field, harmony and grouping colours or textures in golden sections.  We like compositions which encourage a certain reading: almost like a book, and layers such as found in cubism- we get a triple hit from the front, back and side profiles we get in one 2D image. A national test found blue landscapes, national icons, children and animals to be what the public think they like to look at. The scientific deduction was four critical subjective visuals: Blue light, puzzle solving, high contrast and line detection.

Historically, the idea of originality came from Romanticism in the early 1800s; it was a way to justify the industrial revolution and was a revolt against aristocratic ideals in the ‘Age of Enlightenment’. Much like the current technology boom is changing our ideals and relationships, nature was being scientifically rationalised- and political stances were being born for dislike of this: liberals, radicals, nationalists and eventually hippies; those who opposed the realists. Our psychology hasn’t changed as far as wanting to legitimise the individual imagination as a critical authority is concerned. We still make high budget films about heroes who defeat evil and elevate society; but they are shallow in their lifespans.
Timeless originality is said to be unique in style and substance, clear of derivation clues and culturally contingent. It is a dumbing thought that so much ingenuity has been applied without the things we have today to create the things we have today. But Shakespeare disagreed with the originality argument and stated he ‘avoided unnecessary invention’.
If we look at ideas, elements of thinking and the process of creativity, we can see that the not-so-romantic workings of the brain very much dictate the types of ideas we are capable of; that is to say it is very difficult to have an impersonal thought.
The breaking-down of the syntheses behind idea-generation proves the complexity of the situation: People whose brains are wired to do the same thing, but endless combinations (good and bad) of the ways we can use them, motivated by the unpredictability of the modern day.
(See appendix one for the break-down)

So what we can be fairly sure of is that creativity, viable idea-generation and capacity for originality are relative; that is to say both nature and nurture’s motives. The balance of these and the variables of intelligence, personality, background, money and cultural experience, amongst other things, will never be the same in any two people- so with that in mind, you can only achieve the perfect thing by either designing for yourself, happening to find something by complete improbable chance, or buying bespoke. Perfection -although Plato defined it as directly opposite to the imperfect- is not this definable because imperfection massively outweighs the perfect. Instead of doing the research, modern taste chooses to be low quality. The phantom brands and grey markets of the art world laugh in the face of the pretentious because novelty factors will always be easy to like.
We are an unprejudiced and open generation with a thirst for innovation; so better-than-perfect which doesn’t really exist -and better-than-average- because nobody wants average- is the tells-your-jokes-for-you and so ‘random’ it can’t possibly have been done before, deliberately ‘bad’.  





[1] ‘I prefer to use the same trigger techniques that are being used in commercials’
[2] ‘I’ll take it as a compliment if someone thinks it’s the most disgusting thing they’ve ever seen. I’m happy to have work conjure up superlatives, even if they’re arguably bad’
[3] ‘They said we were created by the enemy. We always said we don’t want to be the scruffy, dirty artists doing horrible scruffy art; we want to be the artists the mother wouldn’t be ashamed of. We wanted to remain pure and weird and normal and we could create.’
[4] ‘There are always a million ways to get to the same point. Bend don’t break the rules.’
[5] ‘Art will serve as a time capsule for British culture’ ‘We’ve become swamped by the cult of the confessional. Life is a shopping trip’ ‘Sincerity is the only way I can rebel. Follow the paths of most resistance’

THE ZEITGEIST POLTERGEIST

Trends of the past will always come back to bite the hand that fed because the human condition craves nostalgia. Fashion is flexible in its ability to meet needs, but the tried, tested and loved will always maintain celebrity status. Contemporary artistic design is similar in that it is a living, changing pattern; it creates bridges between cultures and makes use and a celebration of history. So it’s an idea that a difference between high end and lower end design could be the license to create history and use history for reputable reasons. With technology at its peak, context is definitely a largely contributing factor to the development of the zeitgeist; the twenty first century spiritual, cultural, ethical, intellectual, political climate; the ambient, moral, sociocultural direction and mood of an era.
The overall achievement of an image can be marked against three main criteria: emotional impact, technical skill and originality. This subjective but mathematical approach can find itself more linked to sales-pitching than art-campaigning, but it gets your voice heard. We have so much and know so much that there is little point in the ‘shocking’ but for a not-quite-yet exhausted lust for irony- to take the edge off that guilt we all have for our overindulgences.   
Tradition is a good excuse to do anything, but a good idea is like the ultra-excuse.

The design lifecycle changes but perpetually goes around. With so much information bombarding us, dichotomies are a good way to express feelings relative to a point or message. And with a fine line between the ‘ironic’ and the textbook/hollywood special effects, illustration in its own world can pull off any ‘style’ with the warranty of the world’s identity crisis it caters for.
So with values economically shifting, is fine art meeting its match with real happy-go-lucky throw-away culture?

Steven Heller and Seymour Chwast, in the book: ‘Illustration: A Visual History’ query this paradox of going back in time from the golden age to current bronze age: celebrating the deemed ‘second cousin to fine art’ as a significant popular art ‘that is often more visible, recognisable and memorable’ than the higher arts.
An international environment has given illustrators the right to empower a kind of free-for-all: giving the public and private collectors guilt-free access to imagery as obscure, strange or ‘distasteful’ as they please. Imagery with the original weighty contexts removed, often a reaction to the darkness the commerce of journalism has become. Work is appreciated for its artistic sensibility rather than the heady story it accompanied; it compliments you as the person who decided to extract it. The identity crisis comes from the difficulty to be selective: not people who don’t know what they like, but how to express their ideas for fear of them being received incorrectly.
The book quotes: ‘in illustration, the Postmodern sensibility was not a revolution against Modernism’, and the situation remains the same. Design communication which aims to be incongruous will often look very polished and that which looks inappropriate is actually doing exactly what is says on the tin. We are becoming primarily aesthetic learners taught by colloquial slogans; the more designers understand the psychology behind the times, the less you even have to think about what you are looking at (or know what it is you are looking at i.e. a joke, an installation or expensive vintage).
The idea of movements in art therefore, is one way to pick and mix your eclectic taste knowing at least a bit about what each thing actually means. The consequence of postmodernism in two-dimensional image making is a removal of the movement-system for a much less formal approach: style collaging; nifty little spaces between truth and fiction that fat-headed corporation directors can’t fit their ‘big ideas’ into.
The examples of work in the book show the change of genre as something which used to dictate certain ‘looks’- to something which is frequently used to describe the look of a thing.
The alternative to ready-mades is doing-it-yourself; the now common approach.


Examples of illustrators practicing purpose-made styles:


 Cartoon Expressionism: Andre Francois, 1960





 Collage/Montage: Lou Beach, 2009












                                                      


Neo Deco: Jose Cruz, 2006







Neo-aesthetics are about flattening planes and encouraging associations.



Pixel Art: eBoy, 1998















Further examples include: Neo realism and neo surrealism, digital, sampling, anthropometric art, caricature, folk art, political and conceptual.
The coming future is very accepting of decorative form: so long as it is still representational. Airbrushed, streamlined, sculptural surfaces mixed with rough and ready nostalgia. There is currently a huge market for the games-aesthetic, from the scratchy and pixelated to the photographically rendered; achieved ‘using the abstract, default language of the computer to critique the stereotypical media of illustration.’ Satire evoking a comic sense of the future is a way for the masses to cope with technological evolution.

What is comforting about illustration is the license to revisit by-gone themes and brand anything in any creative way: be it commercial or not. It takes the term ‘low’ and makes it respectable- youth culture has its own graphic code i.e. skate culture which is just as good-looking as any more grown-up form of communication. The ‘good’ ideas take something unattractive: and give it pleasurable or intelligent visual relevance.
The issue becomes then a case of abundant average ideas (mostly wasted) with which to reinvent, or a stand for less ambiguous and more widely appreciated ideas, of which there are less- probably the elitist option.              
Humanitarian philosophers would dictate that illustrators who deal with the free-country public realm have just as much a right to conceptualism as private custom or gallery-housed fine artists; but the reality is a job description, and how valuable ideas are to people as things they cannot create nor want to come up with themselves. Philosophy Now magazine writer, Tim Delaney, from the popular culture edition 2007 in ‘Pop culture: an overview’ explains how our need to label something ‘Pop’ will never die[1]. And the basic fundaments of philosophy as explained by Tim Madigan, proves design as an important fundament of existence- in whatever way you are involved[2]. Perhaps ‘good’ then: meaning intuitive design.
Epistemology in design has taken cultural value over philosophy; logic has overruled metaphysics; ethics have overruled aesthetics.
Whether creating, looking at or buying artwork, the way we think has been changed quite radically due to evolutionary conditioning.
There is definitely a type of ‘bad’ idea that can be applied to anything.




[1] ‘Popular culture appeals to people because it provides opportunities for both individual happiness and communal bonding.’
[2] ‘Philosophy: ‘Philo’ = Love, ‘Sophia’ = Wisdom. Epistemology: ‘Episteme’ = Knowledge, ‘logos’ = Explanation of’.’

IDEA LAND: Business or Pleasure?

The word ‘concept’ has been dirtied by art critics who don’t fathom pure ideas as replacements for technical skill, and a generational overanalyses of contemporary art by both artists and those who try to ‘get it’.
A preview written by critic, Brian Sewell for Tracey Emin’s retrospective at the Hayward Gallery in 2011 shows combinations of snobbery and personal taste as the cruxes of the idea problem.[1] Sewell’s point sees both intellect and experience as materials to work with, as important as the paint or canvas. This is hypocritical unless his point is that idea generation must consider its audience and not be elitist; which it is not.

BBC2’s ‘Show Me the Monet’ first broadcast in 2011 showed the public not only how broadly ideas can be transferred into visually very good or ‘bad’ works of art, but how you can look at types of art in very different ways. The biggest commendation goes to the judges: an author, art dealer and contemporary critic. The criticisms they give using their professional careers as justifications, gives the public an idea of how vast the creative industry actually is. And how being in a different field can change the way you have to think.
Both the hobby-fulfilling and formally trained artists who entered had their own reasons for making their work, and generally the personal pieces or portraits did not sell. It is a theory that successful idea-generation must have a balance of business-like social etiquette, but the pleasure-seeker’s sense of humour; be it light or dark, to go on somebody’s wall. What is interesting about twenty-first century art and design is the blurring of what used to separate affairs: home décor, street design/graphics and the iconography of those in the media. Both the need for and dismissal of cultural values based on personality and most interestingly, taste.
David Lee from the BBC series describes his natural responses to art as the ‘reactionary’ or ‘common sense ‘approach. As a key figure in the production of ‘The Jackdaw’ magazine, he has been unfavourably associated with the ‘Stuckists’ movement as a misery-guts. What is interesting is his appraisal of illustration in the programme which the other judges dismiss as fine art[2]. Author Charlotte Mullins disagrees: ‘(illustration) belongs in a Sunday supplement’, as does dealer Roy Bolton: ‘It belongs in a children’s book’.
Which introduces another important argument in this exploration: the new exhibitionism illustration has found to challenge its relationship with fine art.
‘Originality is the backbone of any great artist. If it’s been done to death already why should anybody pay attention?’ –Roy Bolton’s statement here is the clincher.
If we are being pushed for newness, can a new type of idea-based work act as an economical solution which does not hold the same stigma as ‘conceptual’ modern art?
Design is primarily concerned with people’s choices and fundamental, universal communication. This is the reason illustration neither sinks nor swims. It balances luxury of style with manufactured purpose and destination known.
In relation to film-art but agreeing the rules are similar across the art board; the new ‘Tanks’ curators at the Tate Modern trust that drama solves most problems, maybe even creating a problem to get a more refined solution. They say ‘there is a fear of making things for the hell of it’, which adding drama solves. It’s possible that this contemporary attitude encourages more design, and good at that. But the definition of good is by no means a clear one.
Stapling genres to your ideas is insignificant as far as art curriculums go; however Sam Ainsley of the Glasgow art teachers community admits that ‘the context is half the work’ and thus being sheltered by an art-school is not as vital as it was in the Bauhaus era.
An idea is no longer measured by its formal values, but measured in impact. Something deliberately shallow-looking but which maintains all-encompassing depth. In an interview in the London Evening Standard in 2009, curator Hans-Ulrich Obrist reminded us of what we all like to pretend we don’t know[3]. The intimidating philosophy that success comes from ideas in ideas in yet more ideas: To be good, you have to know everything. Bringing us back to Sewell’s postmodern intelligence mantra and the depressing fact it is not quite out-of-date.

Ultimately then, ideas are quietly lethal if they are supposed to be as transient as they could make your career.







[1] ‘(her work) -a not uncommon subject in Renaissance painting, an allegory of prostitution and an opportunity for mild pornography tinged with wry male humour - but, as Miss Emin shows no evidence of education, it is to be doubted that she knows of it and the kinship of imagery is mere coincidence.’

[2] ‘The vast majority of us like looking at a narrative picture. I don’t use the term illustration as abuse. Illustration can be included in fine art exhibitions. It is frequently.’
[3] ‘Art is my home base, I have always worked in art but if you want to understand the forces that affect visual art, you must also know about science, architecture, literature, dance, music and so on.’   

INTRODUCTION: The Holy Grail

Banksy stated that the holy grail of art is to create something that people will look at for longer than it had taken to create.
It is a question of concept versus substance in the context of the modern day.
How can we continue a success rate of new talent when anybody’s audience has already been seduced by hundreds of versions of the same idea?
An unbalanced ratio of objective (planned) obsolescence and subjective art raises the point of illustration as a possible competitor in the fine art sector; modern-minded individuals having less cash to spend but a larger cultural awareness with which to window shop. Ideas are cheap and can be just as luxurious as a sculpture cast in bronze.
Provocative art is sold for thousands; provocative graphic art or advertising wavers on the border of being a control medium, and as a result is disrespected for being a contributor to the global identity crisis rather than a clever and important form of communication.
Technology used to be a design variable but is now a seal of approval. The designer can be home-grown, home-taught and then made globally famous.

In an interview for the Guardian in 2007 called ‘The art of the people’, illustrator John Vernon Lord made an important point[1].
The fear resides in the postmodern idea of identity now being manufactured and applied rather than earned and grown. The public is robotic in its sense of taste but only because designers are designing like machines.
John Vernon Lord maintains the belief however, that illustration remains an aesthetic and social binding agent. So perhaps with the aid of certain ideas, what some may describe as ‘low’ art does not maintain such stigma anymore.
The idea of collage for example is lost in hypotheses about craft, elitism and plagiarism; leaving a student terrified to label their work as such a ‘style’. If the ability to idea generate alone is now deemed equal, greater or lesser to traditional training, do the board-room ‘ideas-people’ realise that this work ethic is now being spoon-fed to children, not trained in forty-somethings?
With the more ‘stuff’ we have, is it more ‘thinkers’ we need?
Can there be time for timelessness when time is measured in age-groups rather than age?



[1]Illustration does not yearn for the high cultural plane. It is a modest activity and it is not esoteric, nor is it a mere dumbing-down of art; it has its own distinct purpose. Fine art is allowed to be obscure and bewildering, but illustration is not; its purpose is to enlighten. It is art, but it's an accessible art. In a nutshell, illustration is the art of the people’